class ENV

Parent:
Object

ENV is a hash-like accessor for environment variables.

Interaction with the Operating System

The ENV object interacts with the operating system's environment variables:

  • When you get the value for a name in ENV, the value is retrieved from among the current environment variables.

  • When you create or set a name-value pair in ENV, the name and value are immediately set in the environment variables.

  • When you delete a name-value pair in ENV, it is immediately deleted from the environment variables.

Names and Values

Generally, a name or value is a String.

Valid Names and Values

Each name or value must be one of the following:

  • A String.

  • An object that responds to #to_str by returning a String, in which case that String will be used as the name or value.

Invalid Names and Values

A new name:

  • May not be the empty string:

    ENV[''] = '0'
# Raises Errno::EINVAL (Invalid argument - ruby_setenv())

  • May not contain character "=":

    ENV['='] = '0'
# Raises Errno::EINVAL (Invalid argument - ruby_setenv(=))

A new name or value:

  • May not be a non-String that does not respond to #to_str:

    ENV['foo'] = Object.new
# Raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)
ENV[Object.new] = '0'
# Raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)

  • May not contain the NUL character "\0":

    ENV['foo'] = "\0"
# Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable value: contains null byte)
ENV["\0"] == '0'
# Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: contains null byte)

  • May not have an ASCII-incompatible encoding such as UTF-16LE or ISO-2022-JP:

    ENV['foo'] = '0'.force_encoding(Encoding::ISO_2022_JP)
# Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: ASCII incompatible encoding: ISO-2022-JP)
ENV["foo".force_encoding(Encoding::ISO_2022_JP)] = '0'
# Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: ASCII incompatible encoding: ISO-2022-JP)

About Ordering

ENV enumerates its name/value pairs in the order found in the operating system's environment variables. Therefore the ordering of ENV content is OS-dependent, and may be indeterminate.

This will be seen in:

About the Examples

Some methods in ENV return ENV itself. Typically, there are many environment variables. It's not useful to display a large ENV in the examples here, so most example snippets begin by resetting the contents of ENV:

Public Class Methods

ENV[name] → value Show source 
static VALUE
rb_f_getenv(VALUE obj, VALUE name)
{
    const char *nam, *env;

    nam = env_name(name);
    env = getenv(nam);
    if (env) {
        return env_name_new(nam, env);
    }
    return Qnil;
}

Returns the value for the environment variable name if it exists:

ENV['foo'] = '0'
ENV['foo'] # => "0"

Returns nil if the named variable does not exist:

ENV.clear
ENV['foo'] # => nil

Raises an exception if name is invalid. See Invalid Names and Values.

ENV[name] = value → value Show source 
static VALUE
env_aset_m(VALUE obj, VALUE nm, VALUE val)
{
    return env_aset(nm, val);
}

ENV.store is an alias for ENV.[]=.

Creates, updates, or deletes the named environment variable, returning the value. Both name and value may be instances of String. See Valid Names and Values.

  • If the named environment variable does not exist:

    • If value is nil, does nothing.

      ENV.clear
ENV['foo'] = nil # => nil
ENV.include?('foo') # => false
ENV.store('bar', nil) # => nil
ENV.include?('bar') # => false

    • If value is not nil, creates the environment variable with name and value:

      # Create 'foo' using ENV.[]=.
ENV['foo'] = '0' # => '0'
ENV['foo'] # => '0'
# Create 'bar' using ENV.store.
ENV.store('bar', '1') # => '1'
ENV['bar'] # => '1'

  • If the named environment variable exists:

    • If value is not nil, updates the environment variable with value value:

      # Update 'foo' using ENV.[]=.
ENV['foo'] = '2' # => '2'
ENV['foo'] # => '2'
# Update 'bar' using ENV.store.
ENV.store('bar', '3') # => '3'
ENV['bar'] # => '3'

    • If value is nil, deletes the environment variable:

      # Delete 'foo' using ENV.[]=.
ENV['foo'] = nil # => nil
ENV.include?('foo') # => false
# Delete 'bar' using ENV.store.
ENV.store('bar', nil) # => nil
ENV.include?('bar') # => false

Raises an exception if name or value is invalid. See Invalid Names and Values.

assoc(name) → Array or nil Show source 
static VALUE
env_assoc(VALUE env, VALUE key)
{
    const char *s, *e;

    s = env_name(key);
    e = getenv(s);
    if (e) return rb_assoc_new(key, env_str_new2(e));
    return Qnil;
}

Returns a 2-element Array containing the name and value of the environment variable for name if it exists:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
ENV.assoc('foo') # => ['foo' '0']

Returns nil if name is a valid String and there is no such environment variable:

ENV.assoc('baz') # => false

Returns nil if name is the empty String or is a String containing character '=':

ENV.assoc('') # => false
ENV.assoc('=') # => false

Raises an exception if name is a String containing the NUL character "\0":

ENV.assoc("\0") # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: contains null byte)

Raises an exception if name has an encoding that is not ASCII-compatible:

ENV.assoc("\xa1\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_16LE))
# Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: ASCII incompatible encoding: UTF-16LE)

Raises an exception if name is not a String:

ENV.assoc(Object.new) # TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)
clear → ENV Show source 
static VALUE
env_clear(VALUE _)
{
    return rb_env_clear();
}

Removes every environment variable; returns ENV:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
ENV.size # => 2
ENV.clear # => ENV
ENV.size # => 0
delete(name) → value Show source
delete(name) { |name| block } → value 
static VALUE
env_delete_m(VALUE obj, VALUE name)
{
    VALUE val;

    val = env_delete(name);
    if (NIL_P(val) && rb_block_given_p()) rb_yield(name);
    return val;
}

Deletes the environment variable with name if it exists and returns its value:

ENV['foo'] = '0'
ENV.delete('foo') # => '0'

Returns nil if the named environment variable does not exist:

ENV.delete('foo') # => nil

If a block given and the environment variable does not exist, yields name to the block and returns nil:

ENV.delete('foo') { |name| puts name } # => nil
foo

If a block given and the environment variable exists, deletes the environment variable and returns its value (ignoring the block):

ENV['foo'] = '0'
ENV.delete('foo') { |name| fail 'ignored' } # => "0"

Raises an exception if name is invalid. See Invalid Names and Values.

delete_if { |name, value| block } → ENV Show source
delete_if → Enumerator 
static VALUE
env_delete_if(VALUE ehash)
{
    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
    env_reject_bang(ehash);
    return envtbl;
}

Deletes every environment variable for which the block evaluates to true.

If no block is given an enumerator is returned instead.

each { |name, value| block } → ENV Show source
each → Enumerator
each_pair { |name, value| block } → ENV
each_pair → Enumerator 
static VALUE
env_each_pair(VALUE ehash)
{
    char **env;
    VALUE ary;
    long i;

    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);

    ary = rb_ary_new();
    env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
    while (*env) {
        char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
        if (s) {
            rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new(*env, s-*env));
            rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new2(s+1));
        }
        env++;
    }
    FREE_ENVIRON(environ);

    if (rb_block_arity() > 1) {
        for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i+=2) {
            rb_yield_values(2, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), RARRAY_AREF(ary, i+1));
        }
    }
    else {
        for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i+=2) {
            rb_yield(rb_assoc_new(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), RARRAY_AREF(ary, i+1)));
        }
    }
    return ehash;
}

Yields each environment variable name and its value as a 2-element Array:

h = {}
ENV.each_pair { |name, value| h[name] = value } # => ENV
h # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}

Returns an Enumerator if no block given:

h = {}
e = ENV.each_pair # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}:each_pair>
e.each { |name, value| h[name] = value } # => ENV
h # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}
each_key { |name| block } → ENV Show source
each_key → Enumerator 
static VALUE
env_each_key(VALUE ehash)
{
    VALUE keys;
    long i;

    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
    keys = env_keys();
    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
        rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
    }
    return ehash;
}

Yields each environment variable name:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1') # => ENV
names = []
ENV.each_key { |name| names.push(name) } # => ENV
names # => ["bar", "foo"]

Returns an Enumerator if no block given:

e = ENV.each_key # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}:each_key>
names = []
e.each { |name| names.push(name) } # => ENV
names # => ["bar", "foo"]
each_pair { |name, value| block } → ENV Show source
each_pair → Enumerator 
static VALUE
env_each_pair(VALUE ehash)
{
    char **env;
    VALUE ary;
    long i;

    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);

    ary = rb_ary_new();
    env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
    while (*env) {
        char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
        if (s) {
            rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new(*env, s-*env));
            rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new2(s+1));
        }
        env++;
    }
    FREE_ENVIRON(environ);

    if (rb_block_arity() > 1) {
        for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i+=2) {
            rb_yield_values(2, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), RARRAY_AREF(ary, i+1));
        }
    }
    else {
        for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i+=2) {
            rb_yield(rb_assoc_new(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), RARRAY_AREF(ary, i+1)));
        }
    }
    return ehash;
}

Yields each environment variable name and its value as a 2-element Array:

h = {}
ENV.each_pair { |name, value| h[name] = value } # => ENV
h # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}

Returns an Enumerator if no block given:

h = {}
e = ENV.each_pair # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}:each_pair>
e.each { |name, value| h[name] = value } # => ENV
h # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}
each_value { |value| block } → ENV Show source
each_value → Enumerator 
static VALUE
env_each_value(VALUE ehash)
{
    VALUE values;
    long i;

    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
    values = env_values();
    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(values); i++) {
        rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(values, i));
    }
    return ehash;
}

Yields each environment variable value:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1') # => ENV
values = []
ENV.each_value { |value| values.push(value) } # => ENV
values # => ["1", "0"]

Returns an Enumerator if no block given:

e = ENV.each_value # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}:each_value>
values = []
e.each { |value| values.push(value) } # => ENV
values # => ["1", "0"]
empty? → true or false Show source 
static VALUE
env_empty_p(VALUE _)
{
    char **env;

    env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
    if (env[0] == 0) {
        FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
        return Qtrue;
    }
    FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
    return Qfalse;
}

Returns true when there are no environment variables

fetch(name) → value Show source
fetch(name, default) → value
fetch(name) { |name| block } → value 
static VALUE
env_fetch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
{
    VALUE key;
    long block_given;
    const char *nam, *env;

    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
    key = argv[0];
    block_given = rb_block_given_p();
    if (block_given && argc == 2) {
        rb_warn("block supersedes default value argument");
    }
    nam = env_name(key);
    env = getenv(nam);
    if (!env) {
        if (block_given) return rb_yield(key);
        if (argc == 1) {
            rb_key_err_raise(rb_sprintf("key not found: \"%"PRIsVALUE"\"", key), envtbl, key);
        }
        return argv[1];
    }
    return env_name_new(nam, env);
}

If name is the name of an environment variable, returns its value:

ENV['foo'] = '0'
ENV.fetch('foo') # => '0'

Otherwise if a block is given (but not a default value), yields name to the block and returns the block's return value:

ENV.fetch('foo') { |name| :need_not_return_a_string } # => :need_not_return_a_string

Otherwise if a default value is given (but not a block), returns the default value:

ENV.delete('foo')
ENV.fetch('foo', :default_need_not_be_a_string) # => :default_need_not_be_a_string

If the environment variable does not exist and both default and block are given, issues a warning (“warning: block supersedes default value argument”), yields name to the block, and returns the block's return value:

ENV.fetch('foo', :default) { |name| :block_return } # => :block_return

Raises KeyError if name is valid, but not found, and neither default value nor block is given:

ENV.fetch('foo') # Raises KeyError (key not found: "foo")

Raises an exception if name is invalid. See Invalid Names and Values.

filter { |name, value| block } → Hash Show source
filter → Enumerator 
static VALUE
env_select(VALUE ehash)
{
    VALUE result;
    VALUE keys;
    long i;

    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
    result = rb_hash_new();
    keys = env_keys();
    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(keys); ++i) {
        VALUE key = RARRAY_AREF(keys, i);
        VALUE val = rb_f_getenv(Qnil, key);
        if (!NIL_P(val)) {
            if (RTEST(rb_yield_values(2, key, val))) {
                rb_hash_aset(result, key, val);
            }
        }
    }
    RB_GC_GUARD(keys);

    return result;
}

Returns a copy of the environment for entries where the block returns true.

Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.

ENV.filter is an alias for ENV.select.

filter! { |name, value| block } → ENV or nil Show source
filter! → Enumerator 
static VALUE
env_select_bang(VALUE ehash)
{
    VALUE keys;
    long i;
    int del = 0;

    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
    keys = env_keys();
    RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(keys);
    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
        VALUE val = rb_f_getenv(Qnil, RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
        if (!NIL_P(val)) {
            if (!RTEST(rb_yield_values(2, RARRAY_AREF(keys, i), val))) {
                env_delete(RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
                del++;
            }
        }
    }
    RB_GC_GUARD(keys);
    if (del == 0) return Qnil;
    return envtbl;
}

Equivalent to ENV.keep_if but returns nil if no changes were made.

ENV.filter! is an alias for ENV.select!.

freeze → raises TypeError Show source 
static VALUE
env_freeze(VALUE self)
{
    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "cannot freeze ENV");
    return self; /* Not reached */
}

Ruby does not allow ENV to be frozen, so calling ENV.freeze raises TypeError.

has_key?(name) → true or false Show source 
static VALUE
env_has_key(VALUE env, VALUE key)
{
    const char *s;

    s = env_name(key);
    if (getenv(s)) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

ENV.has_key?, ENV.member?, and ENV.key? are aliases for ENV.include?.

Returns true if there is an environment variable with the given name:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
ENV.include?('foo') # => true

Returns false if name is a valid String and there is no such environment variable:

ENV.include?('baz') # => false

Returns false if name is the empty String or is a String containing character '=':

ENV.include?('') # => false
ENV.include?('=') # => false

Raises an exception if name is a String containing the NUL character "\0":

ENV.include?("\0") # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: contains null byte)

Raises an exception if name has an encoding that is not ASCII-compatible:

ENV.include?("\xa1\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_16LE))
# Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: ASCII incompatible encoding: UTF-16LE)

Raises an exception if name is not a String:

ENV.include?(Object.new) # TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)
has_value?(value) → true or false Show source 
static VALUE
env_has_value(VALUE dmy, VALUE obj)
{
    char **env;

    obj = rb_check_string_type(obj);
    if (NIL_P(obj)) return Qnil;
    env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
    while (*env) {
        char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
        if (s++) {
            long len = strlen(s);
            if (RSTRING_LEN(obj) == len && strncmp(s, RSTRING_PTR(obj), len) == 0) {
                FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
                return Qtrue;
            }
        }
        env++;
    }
    FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
    return Qfalse;
}

Returns true if there is an environment variable with the given value.

include?(name) → true or false Show source 
static VALUE
env_has_key(VALUE env, VALUE key)
{
    const char *s;

    s = env_name(key);
    if (getenv(s)) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

ENV.has_key?, ENV.member?, and ENV.key? are aliases for ENV.include?.

Returns true if there is an environment variable with the given name:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
ENV.include?('foo') # => true

Returns false if name is a valid String and there is no such environment variable:

ENV.include?('baz') # => false

Returns false if name is the empty String or is a String containing character '=':

ENV.include?('') # => false
ENV.include?('=') # => false

Raises an exception if name is a String containing the NUL character "\0":

ENV.include?("\0") # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: contains null byte)

Raises an exception if name has an encoding that is not ASCII-compatible:

ENV.include?("\xa1\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_16LE))
# Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: ASCII incompatible encoding: UTF-16LE)

Raises an exception if name is not a String:

ENV.include?(Object.new) # TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)
index(value) → key Show source 
static VALUE
env_index(VALUE dmy, VALUE value)
{
    rb_warn_deprecated("ENV.index", "ENV.key");
    return env_key(dmy, value);
}

Deprecated method that is equivalent to ENV.key

inspect → string Show source 
static VALUE
env_inspect(VALUE _)
{
    char **env;
    VALUE str, i;

    str = rb_str_buf_new2("{");
    env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
    while (*env) {
        char *s = strchr(*env, '=');

        if (env != environ) {
            rb_str_buf_cat2(str, ", ");
        }
        if (s) {
            rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "\"");
            rb_str_buf_cat(str, *env, s-*env);
            rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "\"=>");
            i = rb_inspect(rb_str_new2(s+1));
            rb_str_buf_append(str, i);
        }
        env++;
    }
    FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
    rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "}");

    return str;
}

Returns the contents of the environment as a String.

invert → Hash Show source 
static VALUE
env_invert(VALUE _)
{
    return rb_hash_invert(env_to_hash());
}

Returns a new hash created by using environment variable names as values and values as names.

keep_if { |name, value| block } → ENV Show source
keep_if → Enumerator 
static VALUE
env_keep_if(VALUE ehash)
{
    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
    env_select_bang(ehash);
    return envtbl;
}

Deletes every environment variable where the block evaluates to false.

Returns an enumerator if no block was given.

key(value) → name or nil Show source 
static VALUE
env_key(VALUE dmy, VALUE value)
{
    char **env;
    VALUE str;

    SafeStringValue(value);
    env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
    while (*env) {
        char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
        if (s++) {
            long len = strlen(s);
            if (RSTRING_LEN(value) == len && strncmp(s, RSTRING_PTR(value), len) == 0) {
                str = env_str_new(*env, s-*env-1);
                FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
                return str;
            }
        }
        env++;
    }
    FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
    return Qnil;
}

Returns the name of the first environment variable with value if it exists:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
ENV.key('0') # =>'foo'

The order in which environment variables are examined is OS-dependent. See About Ordering.

Returns nil if there is no such value:

ENV.key('2') # => nil

Raises an exception if value is not a String:

ENV.key(Object.new) # raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)
key?(name) → true or false Show source 
static VALUE
env_has_key(VALUE env, VALUE key)
{
    const char *s;

    s = env_name(key);
    if (getenv(s)) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

ENV.has_key?, ENV.member?, and ENV.key? are aliases for ENV.include?.

Returns true if there is an environment variable with the given name:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
ENV.include?('foo') # => true

Returns false if name is a valid String and there is no such environment variable:

ENV.include?('baz') # => false

Returns false if name is the empty String or is a String containing character '=':

ENV.include?('') # => false
ENV.include?('=') # => false

Raises an exception if name is a String containing the NUL character "\0":

ENV.include?("\0") # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: contains null byte)

Raises an exception if name has an encoding that is not ASCII-compatible:

ENV.include?("\xa1\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_16LE))
# Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: ASCII incompatible encoding: UTF-16LE)

Raises an exception if name is not a String:

ENV.include?(Object.new) # TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)
keys → Array Show source 
static VALUE
env_f_keys(VALUE _)
{
    return env_keys();
}

Returns all variable names in an Array:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
ENV.keys # => ['bar', 'foo']

The order of the names is OS-dependent. See About Ordering.

Returns the empty Array if ENV is empty:

ENV.clear
ENV.keys # => []
length Show source 
static VALUE
env_size(VALUE _)
{
    int i;
    char **env;

    env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
    for (i=0; env[i]; i++)
        ;
    FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
    return INT2FIX(i);
}

Returns the number of environment variables.

member?(name) → true or false Show source 
static VALUE
env_has_key(VALUE env, VALUE key)
{
    const char *s;

    s = env_name(key);
    if (getenv(s)) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

ENV.has_key?, ENV.member?, and ENV.key? are aliases for ENV.include?.

Returns true if there is an environment variable with the given name:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
ENV.include?('foo') # => true

Returns false if name is a valid String and there is no such environment variable:

ENV.include?('baz') # => false

Returns false if name is the empty String or is a String containing character '=':

ENV.include?('') # => false
ENV.include?('=') # => false

Raises an exception if name is a String containing the NUL character "\0":

ENV.include?("\0") # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: contains null byte)

Raises an exception if name has an encoding that is not ASCII-compatible:

ENV.include?("\xa1\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_16LE))
# Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: ASCII incompatible encoding: UTF-16LE)

Raises an exception if name is not a String:

ENV.include?(Object.new) # TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)
merge!(hash) → ENV Show source
merge!(hash) { |name, old_value, new_value| block } → ENV 
static VALUE
env_update(VALUE env, VALUE hash)
{
    if (env == hash) return env;
    hash = to_hash(hash);
    rb_foreach_func *func = rb_block_given_p() ?
        env_update_block_i : env_update_i;
    rb_hash_foreach(hash, func, 0);
    return env;
}

Adds the contents of hash to the environment variables. If no block is specified entries with duplicate keys are overwritten, otherwise the value of each duplicate name is determined by calling the block with the key, its value from the environment and its value from the hash.

rassoc(value) Show source 
static VALUE
env_rassoc(VALUE dmy, VALUE obj)
{
    char **env;

    obj = rb_check_string_type(obj);
    if (NIL_P(obj)) return Qnil;
    env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
    while (*env) {
        char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
        if (s++) {
            long len = strlen(s);
            if (RSTRING_LEN(obj) == len && strncmp(s, RSTRING_PTR(obj), len) == 0) {
                VALUE result = rb_assoc_new(rb_str_new(*env, s-*env-1), obj);
                FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
                return result;
            }
        }
        env++;
    }
    FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
    return Qnil;
}

Returns an Array of the name and value of the environment variable with value or nil if the value cannot be found.

rehash Show source 
static VALUE
env_none(VALUE _)
{
    return Qnil;
}

Re-hashing the environment variables does nothing. It is provided for compatibility with Hash.

reject { |name, value| block } → Hash Show source
reject → Enumerator 
static VALUE
env_reject(VALUE _)
{
    return rb_hash_delete_if(env_to_hash());
}

Same as ENV.delete_if, but works on (and returns) a copy of the environment.

reject! { |name, value| block } → ENV or nil Show source
reject! → Enumerator 
static VALUE
env_reject_bang(VALUE ehash)
{
    VALUE keys;
    long i;
    int del = 0;

    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
    keys = env_keys();
    RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(keys);
    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
        VALUE val = rb_f_getenv(Qnil, RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
        if (!NIL_P(val)) {
            if (RTEST(rb_yield_values(2, RARRAY_AREF(keys, i), val))) {
                env_delete(RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
                del++;
            }
        }
    }
    RB_GC_GUARD(keys);
    if (del == 0) return Qnil;
    return envtbl;
}

Similar to ENV.delete_if, but returns nil if no changes were made.

Deletes each environment variable for which the block returns a truthy value, returning ENV (if any deletions) or nil (if not):

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
ENV.reject! { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
ENV # => {"foo"=>"0"}
ENV.reject! { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => nil

Returns an Enumerator if no block given:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
e = ENV.reject! # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2", "foo"=>"0"}:reject!>
e.each { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
ENV # => {"foo"=>"0"}
e.each { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => nil
replace(hash) → ENV Show source 
static VALUE
env_replace(VALUE env, VALUE hash)
{
    VALUE keys;
    long i;

    keys = env_keys();
    if (env == hash) return env;
    hash = to_hash(hash);
    rb_hash_foreach(hash, env_replace_i, keys);

    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
        env_delete(RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
    }
    RB_GC_GUARD(keys);
    return env;
}

Replaces the entire content of the environment variables with the name/value pairs in the given hash; returns ENV.

Replaces the content of ENV with the given pairs:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1') # => ENV
ENV.to_hash # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}

Raises an exception if a name or value is invalid. See Invalid Names and Values.

select { |name, value| block } → Hash Show source
select → Enumerator 
static VALUE
env_select(VALUE ehash)
{
    VALUE result;
    VALUE keys;
    long i;

    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
    result = rb_hash_new();
    keys = env_keys();
    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(keys); ++i) {
        VALUE key = RARRAY_AREF(keys, i);
        VALUE val = rb_f_getenv(Qnil, key);
        if (!NIL_P(val)) {
            if (RTEST(rb_yield_values(2, key, val))) {
                rb_hash_aset(result, key, val);
            }
        }
    }
    RB_GC_GUARD(keys);

    return result;
}

Returns a copy of the environment for entries where the block returns true.

Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.

ENV.filter is an alias for ENV.select.

select! { |name, value| block } → ENV or nil Show source
select! → Enumerator 
static VALUE
env_select_bang(VALUE ehash)
{
    VALUE keys;
    long i;
    int del = 0;

    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
    keys = env_keys();
    RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(keys);
    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
        VALUE val = rb_f_getenv(Qnil, RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
        if (!NIL_P(val)) {
            if (!RTEST(rb_yield_values(2, RARRAY_AREF(keys, i), val))) {
                env_delete(RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
                del++;
            }
        }
    }
    RB_GC_GUARD(keys);
    if (del == 0) return Qnil;
    return envtbl;
}

Equivalent to ENV.keep_if but returns nil if no changes were made.

ENV.filter! is an alias for ENV.select!.

shift → [name, value] or nil Show source 
static VALUE
env_shift(VALUE _)
{
    char **env;
    VALUE result = Qnil;

    env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
    if (*env) {
        char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
        if (s) {
            VALUE key = env_str_new(*env, s-*env);
            VALUE val = env_str_new2(getenv(RSTRING_PTR(key)));
            env_delete(key);
            result = rb_assoc_new(key, val);
        }
    }
    FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
    return result;
}

Removes the first environment variable from ENV and returns a 2-element Array containing its name and value:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
ENV.to_hash # => {'bar' => '1', 'foo' => '0'}
ENV.shift # => ['bar', '1']
ENV.to_hash # => {'foo' => '0'}

Exactly which environment variable is “first” is OS-dependent. See About Ordering.

Returns nil if the environment is empty:

ENV.clear
ENV.shift # => nil

static VALUE
env_size(VALUE _)
{
    int i;
    char **env;

    env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
    for (i=0; env[i]; i++)
        ;
    FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
    return INT2FIX(i);
}

Returns the number of environment variables.

slice(*keys) → a_hash Show source 
static VALUE
env_slice(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
{
    int i;
    VALUE key, value, result;

    if (argc == 0) {
        return rb_hash_new();
    }
    result = rb_hash_new_with_size(argc);

    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        key = argv[i];
        value = rb_f_getenv(Qnil, key);
        if (value != Qnil)
            rb_hash_aset(result, key, value);
    }

    return result;
}

Returns a hash containing only the given keys from ENV and their values.

ENV.slice("TERM","HOME")  #=> {"TERM"=>"xterm-256color", "HOME"=>"/Users/rhc"}
store(name, value) → value Show source 
static VALUE
env_aset_m(VALUE obj, VALUE nm, VALUE val)
{
    return env_aset(nm, val);
}

ENV.store is an alias for ENV.[]=.

Creates, updates, or deletes the named environment variable, returning the value. Both name and value may be instances of String. See Valid Names and Values.

  • If the named environment variable does not exist:

    • If value is nil, does nothing.

      ENV.clear
ENV['foo'] = nil # => nil
ENV.include?('foo') # => false
ENV.store('bar', nil) # => nil
ENV.include?('bar') # => false

    • If value is not nil, creates the environment variable with name and value:

      # Create 'foo' using ENV.[]=.
ENV['foo'] = '0' # => '0'
ENV['foo'] # => '0'
# Create 'bar' using ENV.store.
ENV.store('bar', '1') # => '1'
ENV['bar'] # => '1'

  • If the named environment variable exists:

    • If value is not nil, updates the environment variable with value value:

      # Update 'foo' using ENV.[]=.
ENV['foo'] = '2' # => '2'
ENV['foo'] # => '2'
# Update 'bar' using ENV.store.
ENV.store('bar', '3') # => '3'
ENV['bar'] # => '3'

    • If value is nil, deletes the environment variable:

      # Delete 'foo' using ENV.[]=.
ENV['foo'] = nil # => nil
ENV.include?('foo') # => false
# Delete 'bar' using ENV.store.
ENV.store('bar', nil) # => nil
ENV.include?('bar') # => false

Raises an exception if name or value is invalid. See Invalid Names and Values.

to_a → Array Show source 
static VALUE
env_to_a(VALUE _)
{
    char **env;
    VALUE ary;

    ary = rb_ary_new();
    env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
    while (*env) {
        char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
        if (s) {
            rb_ary_push(ary, rb_assoc_new(env_str_new(*env, s-*env),
                                          env_str_new2(s+1)));
        }
        env++;
    }
    FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
    return ary;
}

Converts the environment variables into an array of names and value arrays.

ENV.to_a # => [["TERM", "xterm-color"], ["SHELL", "/bin/bash"], ...]
to_h → hash Show source
to_h {|name, value| block } → hash 
static VALUE
env_to_h(VALUE _)
{
    VALUE hash = env_to_hash();
    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
        hash = rb_hash_to_h_block(hash);
    }
    return hash;
}

Creates a hash with a copy of the environment variables.

to_hash → hash Show source 
static VALUE
env_f_to_hash(VALUE _)
{
    return env_to_hash();
}

Creates a hash with a copy of the environment variables.

to_s → "ENV" Show source 
static VALUE
env_to_s(VALUE _)
{
    return rb_usascii_str_new2("ENV");
}

Returns “ENV”

update(hash) → ENV Show source
update(hash) { |name, old_value, new_value| block } → ENV 
static VALUE
env_update(VALUE env, VALUE hash)
{
    if (env == hash) return env;
    hash = to_hash(hash);
    rb_foreach_func *func = rb_block_given_p() ?
        env_update_block_i : env_update_i;
    rb_hash_foreach(hash, func, 0);
    return env;
}

Adds the contents of hash to the environment variables. If no block is specified entries with duplicate keys are overwritten, otherwise the value of each duplicate name is determined by calling the block with the key, its value from the environment and its value from the hash.

value?(value) → true or false Show source 
static VALUE
env_has_value(VALUE dmy, VALUE obj)
{
    char **env;

    obj = rb_check_string_type(obj);
    if (NIL_P(obj)) return Qnil;
    env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
    while (*env) {
        char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
        if (s++) {
            long len = strlen(s);
            if (RSTRING_LEN(obj) == len && strncmp(s, RSTRING_PTR(obj), len) == 0) {
                FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
                return Qtrue;
            }
        }
        env++;
    }
    FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
    return Qfalse;
}

Returns true if there is an environment variable with the given value.

values → Array Show source 
static VALUE
env_f_values(VALUE _)
{
    return env_values();
}

Returns all environment variable values in an Array:

ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
ENV.values # => ['1', '0']

The order of the values is OS-dependent. See About Ordering.

Returns the empty Array if ENV is empty:

ENV.clear
ENV.values # => []
values_at(name, ...) → Array Show source 
static VALUE
env_values_at(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
{
    VALUE result;
    long i;

    result = rb_ary_new();
    for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
        rb_ary_push(result, rb_f_getenv(Qnil, argv[i]));
    }
    return result;
}

Returns an array containing the environment variable values associated with the given names. See also ENV.select.

Ruby Core © 1993–2017 Yukihiro Matsumoto
Licensed under the Ruby License.
Ruby Standard Library © contributors
Licensed under their own licenses.