Backups and Auto-Saving

Backup files and auto-save files are two methods by which Emacs tries to protect the user from the consequences of crashes or of the user’s own errors. Auto-saving preserves the text from earlier in the current editing session; backup files preserve file contents prior to the current session.

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https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/elisp/Backups-and-Auto_002dSaving.html