Werkzeug

werkzeug German noun: “tool”. Etymology: werk (“work”), zeug (“stuff”)

Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. It began as a simple collection of various utilities for WSGI applications and has become one of the most advanced WSGI utility libraries.

Werkzeug is Unicode aware and doesn’t enforce any dependencies. It is up to the developer to choose a template engine, database adapter, and even how to handle requests.

Getting Started

• Installation
  • Python Version
  • Dependencies
  • Virtual environments
  • Install Werkzeug
  • Install virtualenv
• Werkzeug Tutorial
  • Introducing Shortly
  • Step 0: A Basic WSGI Introduction
  • Step 1: Creating the Folders
  • Step 2: The Base Structure
  • Intermezzo: Running the Application
  • Step 3: The Environment
  • Step 4: The Routing
  • Step 5: The First View
  • Step 6: Redirect View
  • Step 7: Detail View
  • Step 8: Templates
  • Step 9: The Style
  • Bonus: Refinements
• API Levels
  • Example
  • High or Low?
• Quickstart
  • WSGI Environment
  • Enter Request
  • Header Parsing
  • Responses

Serving and Testing

• Serving WSGI Applications
  • Reloader
  • Colored Logging
  • Virtual Hosts
  • Shutting Down The Server
  • Troubleshooting
  • SSL
  • Unix Sockets
• Test Utilities
  • Diving In
  • Environment Building
  • Testing API
• Debugging Applications
  • Enabling the Debugger
  • Using the Debugger
  • Debugger PIN
  • Pasting Errors

Reference

• Request / Response Objects
  • How they Work
  • Mutability and Reusability of Wrappers
  • Base Wrappers
  • Mixin Classes
  • Extra Mixin Classes
• URL Routing
  • Quickstart
  • Rule Format
  • Built-in Converters
  • Maps, Rules and Adapters
  • Rule Factories
  • Rule Templates
  • Custom Converters
  • Host Matching
  • WebSockets
• WSGI Helpers
  • Iterator / Stream Helpers
  • Environ Helpers
  • Convenience Helpers
  • Bytes, Strings, and Encodings
  • Raw Request URI and Path Encoding
• Filesystem Utilities
• HTTP Utilities
  • Date Functions
  • Header Parsing
  • Header Utilities
  • Cookies
  • Conditional Response Helpers
  • Constants
  • Form Data Parsing
• Data Structures
  • General Purpose
  • HTTP Related
  • Others
• Utilities
  • HTML Helpers
  • General Helpers
  • URL Helpers
  • UserAgent Parsing
  • Security Helpers
  • Logging
• URL Helpers
  • werkzeug.urls
• Context Locals
• Middleware
  • X-Forwarded-For Proxy Fix
  • Serve Shared Static Files
  • Application Dispatcher
  • Basic HTTP Proxy
  • WSGI Protocol Linter
  • Application Profiler
• HTTP Exceptions
  • werkzeug.exceptions
  • Error Classes
  • Baseclass
  • Special HTTP Exceptions
  • Simple Aborting
  • Custom Errors

Deployment

• Application Deployment
  • CGI
    • Creating a .cgi file
    • Server Setup
  • mod_wsgi (Apache)
    • Installing mod_wsgi
    • Creating a .wsgi file
    • Configuring Apache
  • FastCGI
    • Creating a .fcgi file
    • Configuring lighttpd
    • Configuring nginx
    • Debugging
  • HTTP Proxying
    • Creating a .py server
    • Configuring nginx

Additional Information

• Important Terms
  • WSGI
  • Response Object
  • View Function
• Unicode
  • Unicode in Python
  • Unicode in HTTP
  • Error Handling
  • Request and Response Objects
  • The Filesystem
• Dealing with Request Data
  • Missing EOF Marker on Input Stream
  • When does Werkzeug Parse?
  • How does it Parse?
  • Limiting Request Data
  • How to extend Parsing?
• Changelog
  • Version 1.0.2
  • Version 1.0.1
  • Version 1.0.0
  • Version 0.16.1
  • Version 0.16.0
  • Version 0.15.6
  • Version 0.15.5
  • Version 0.15.4
  • Version 0.15.3
  • Version 0.15.2
  • Version 0.15.1
  • Version 0.15.0
  • Version 0.14.1
  • Version 0.14
  • Version 0.13
  • Version 0.12.2
  • Version 0.12.1
  • Version 0.12
  • Version 0.11.16
  • Version 0.11.15
  • Version 0.11.14
  • Version 0.11.13
  • Version 0.11.12
  • Version 0.11.11
  • Version 0.11.10
  • Version 0.11.9
  • Version 0.11.8
  • Version 0.11.7
  • Version 0.11.6
  • Version 0.11.5
  • Version 0.11.4
  • Version 0.11.3
  • Version 0.11.2
  • Version 0.11.1
  • Version 0.11
  • Version 0.10.5
  • Version 0.10.4
  • Version 0.10.3
  • Version 0.10.2
  • Version 0.10.1
  • Version 0.10
  • Version 0.9.7
  • Version 0.9.6
  • Version 0.9.7
  • Version 0.9.5
  • Version 0.9.4
  • Version 0.9.3
  • Version 0.9.2
  • Version 0.9.1
  • Version 0.9
  • Version 0.8.4
  • Version 0.8.3
  • Version 0.8.2
  • Version 0.8.1
  • Version 0.8
  • Version 0.7.2
  • Version 0.7.1
  • Version 0.7
  • Version 0.6.2
  • Version 0.6.1
  • Version 0.6
  • Version 0.5.1
  • Version 0.5
  • Version 0.4.1
  • Version 0.4
  • Version 0.3.1
  • Version 0.3
  • Version 0.2
  • Version 0.1