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  4. Application Deployment

Application Deployment

This section covers running your application in production on a web server such as Apache or lighttpd.

  • CGI
    • Creating a .cgi file
    • Server Setup
  • mod_wsgi (Apache)
    • Installing mod_wsgi
    • Creating a .wsgi file
    • Configuring Apache
  • FastCGI
    • Creating a .fcgi file
    • Configuring lighttpd
    • Configuring nginx
    • Debugging
  • HTTP Proxying
    • Creating a .py server
    • Configuring nginx

© 2007–2020 Pallets
Licensed under the BSD 3-clause License.
https://werkzeug.palletsprojects.com/en/1.0.x/deployment/

Getting Started
API Levels
Installation
Quickstart
Werkzeug Tutorial
Reference
Application Dispatcher
Application Profiler
Basic HTTP Proxy
Context Locals
Data Structures
Filesystem Utilities
HTTP Exceptions
HTTP Utilities
Middleware
Request / Response Objects
Serve Shared Static Files
URL Helpers
URL Routing
Utilities
WSGI Helpers
WSGI Protocol Linter
X-Forwarded-For Proxy Fix
werkzeug.exceptions
abort()
Aborter
werkzeug.datastructures
Accept
Accept.best
Accept.best_match()
Accept.find()
Accept.index()
Accept.quality()
Accept.to_header()
Accept.values()
Authorization
Authorization.cnonce
Authorization.nc
Authorization.nonce
Authorization.opaque
Authorization.password
Authorization.qop
Authorization.realm
Authorization.response
Authorization.uri
Authorization.username
CharsetAccept
CombinedMultiDict
ContentRange
ContentRange.length
ContentRange.set()
ContentRange.start
ContentRange.stop
ContentRange.units
ContentRange.unset()
ETags
ETags.as_set()
ETags.contains()
ETags.contains_raw()
ETags.contains_weak()
ETags.is_strong()
ETags.is_weak()
ETags.to_header()
EnvironHeaders
FileMultiDict
FileMultiDict.add_file()
FileStorage
FileStorage.close()
FileStorage.content_length
FileStorage.content_type
FileStorage.filename
FileStorage.headers
FileStorage.mimetype
FileStorage.mimetype_params
FileStorage.name
FileStorage.save()
FileStorage.stream
HTTPException.__call__()
HTTPException.get_response()
HeaderSet
HeaderSet.add()
HeaderSet.as_set()
HeaderSet.clear()
HeaderSet.discard()
HeaderSet.find()
HeaderSet.index()
HeaderSet.remove()
HeaderSet.to_header()
HeaderSet.update()
Headers
Headers.add()
Headers.add_header()
Headers.clear()
Headers.extend()
Headers.get()
Headers.get_all()
Headers.getlist()
Headers.has_key()
Headers.pop()
Headers.popitem()
Headers.remove()
Headers.set()
Headers.setdefault()
Headers.setlist()
Headers.setlistdefault()
Headers.to_wsgi_list()
Headers.update()
IfRange
IfRange.date
IfRange.etag
IfRange.to_header()
ImmutableDict
ImmutableDict.copy()
ImmutableList
ImmutableMultiDict
ImmutableMultiDict.copy()
ImmutableOrderedMultiDict
ImmutableOrderedMultiDict.copy()
ImmutableTypeConversionDict
ImmutableTypeConversionDict.copy()
InternalServerError.original_exception
LanguageAccept
MIMEAccept
MIMEAccept.accept_html
MIMEAccept.accept_json
MIMEAccept.accept_xhtml
MultiDict
MultiDict.add()
MultiDict.clear()
MultiDict.copy()
MultiDict.deepcopy()
MultiDict.fromkeys()
MultiDict.get()
MultiDict.getlist()
MultiDict.items()
MultiDict.keys()
MultiDict.lists()
MultiDict.listvalues()
MultiDict.pop()
MultiDict.popitem()
MultiDict.popitemlist()
MultiDict.poplist()
MultiDict.setdefault()
MultiDict.setlist()
MultiDict.setlistdefault()
MultiDict.to_dict()
MultiDict.update()
MultiDict.values()
OrderedMultiDict
Range
Range.make_content_range()
Range.range_for_length()
Range.ranges
Range.to_content_range_header()
Range.to_header()
Range.units
RequestCacheControl
RequestCacheControl.max_age
RequestCacheControl.max_stale
RequestCacheControl.min_fresh
RequestCacheControl.no_cache
RequestCacheControl.no_store
RequestCacheControl.no_transform
RequestCacheControl.only_if_cached
ResponseCacheControl
ResponseCacheControl.immutable
ResponseCacheControl.max_age
ResponseCacheControl.must_revalidate
ResponseCacheControl.no_cache
ResponseCacheControl.no_store
ResponseCacheControl.no_transform
ResponseCacheControl.private
ResponseCacheControl.proxy_revalidate
ResponseCacheControl.public
ResponseCacheControl.s_maxage
TypeConversionDict
TypeConversionDict.get()
WWWAuthenticate
WWWAuthenticate.algorithm
WWWAuthenticate.auth_property()
WWWAuthenticate.domain
WWWAuthenticate.nonce
WWWAuthenticate.opaque
WWWAuthenticate.qop
WWWAuthenticate.realm
WWWAuthenticate.set_basic()
WWWAuthenticate.set_digest()
WWWAuthenticate.stale
WWWAuthenticate.to_header()
WWWAuthenticate.type
werkzeug.wrappers
AcceptMixin
AcceptMixin.accept_charsets
AcceptMixin.accept_encodings
AcceptMixin.accept_languages
AcceptMixin.accept_mimetypes
AuthorizationMixin
AuthorizationMixin.authorization
BaseRequest
BaseRequest._get_file_stream()
BaseRequest.access_route
BaseRequest.application()
BaseRequest.args
BaseRequest.base_url
BaseRequest.charset
BaseRequest.close()
BaseRequest.cookies
BaseRequest.data
BaseRequest.dict_storage_class
BaseRequest.disable_data_descriptor
BaseRequest.encoding_errors
BaseRequest.environ
BaseRequest.files
BaseRequest.form
BaseRequest.form_data_parser_class
BaseRequest.from_values()
BaseRequest.full_path
BaseRequest.get_data()
BaseRequest.headers
BaseRequest.host
BaseRequest.host_url
BaseRequest.is_multiprocess
BaseRequest.is_multithread
BaseRequest.is_run_once
BaseRequest.is_secure
BaseRequest.list_storage_class
BaseRequest.make_form_data_parser()
BaseRequest.max_content_length
BaseRequest.max_form_memory_size
BaseRequest.method
BaseRequest.parameter_storage_class
BaseRequest.path
BaseRequest.query_string
BaseRequest.remote_addr
BaseRequest.remote_user
BaseRequest.scheme
BaseRequest.script_root
BaseRequest.shallow
BaseRequest.stream
BaseRequest.trusted_hosts
BaseRequest.url
BaseRequest.url_charset
BaseRequest.url_root
BaseRequest.values
BaseRequest.want_form_data_parsed
BaseResponse
BaseResponse.__call__()
BaseResponse._ensure_sequence()
BaseResponse.autocorrect_location_header
BaseResponse.automatically_set_content_length
BaseResponse.calculate_content_length()
BaseResponse.call_on_close()
BaseResponse.charset
BaseResponse.close()
BaseResponse.data
BaseResponse.default_mimetype
BaseResponse.default_status
BaseResponse.delete_cookie()
BaseResponse.direct_passthrough
BaseResponse.force_type()
BaseResponse.freeze()
BaseResponse.from_app()
BaseResponse.get_app_iter()
BaseResponse.get_data()
BaseResponse.get_wsgi_headers()
BaseResponse.get_wsgi_response()
BaseResponse.headers
BaseResponse.implicit_sequence_conversion
BaseResponse.is_sequence
BaseResponse.is_streamed
BaseResponse.iter_encoded()
BaseResponse.make_sequence()
BaseResponse.max_cookie_size
BaseResponse.response
BaseResponse.set_cookie()
BaseResponse.set_data()
BaseResponse.status
BaseResponse.status_code
CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin
CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin.content_encoding
CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin.content_length
CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin.content_md5
CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin.content_type
CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin.date
CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin.max_forwards
CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin.mimetype
CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin.mimetype_params
CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin.pragma
CommonRequestDescriptorsMixin.referrer
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.age
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.allow
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.content_encoding
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.content_language
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.content_length
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.content_location
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.content_md5
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.content_security_policy
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.content_security_policy_report_only
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.content_type
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.date
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.expires
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.last_modified
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.location
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.mimetype
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.mimetype_params
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.retry_after
CommonResponseDescriptorsMixin.vary
ETagRequestMixin
ETagRequestMixin.cache_control
ETagRequestMixin.if_match
ETagRequestMixin.if_modified_since
ETagRequestMixin.if_none_match
ETagRequestMixin.if_range
ETagRequestMixin.if_unmodified_since
ETagRequestMixin.range
ETagResponseMixin
ETagResponseMixin.accept_ranges
ETagResponseMixin.add_etag()
ETagResponseMixin.cache_control
ETagResponseMixin.content_range
ETagResponseMixin.freeze()
ETagResponseMixin.get_etag()
ETagResponseMixin.make_conditional()
ETagResponseMixin.set_etag()
Request
Response
ResponseStreamMixin
ResponseStreamMixin.stream
UserAgentMixin
UserAgentMixin.user_agent
WWWAuthenticateMixin
WWWAuthenticateMixin.www_authenticate
werkzeug.routing
AnyConverter
EndpointPrefix
FloatConverter
IntegerConverter
Map
Map.add()
Map.bind()
Map.bind_to_environ()
Map.converters
Map.default_converters
Map.is_endpoint_expecting()
Map.iter_rules()
Map.lock_class()
Map.update()
MapAdapter
MapAdapter.allowed_methods()
MapAdapter.build()
MapAdapter.dispatch()
MapAdapter.get_host()
MapAdapter.make_alias_redirect_url()
MapAdapter.match()
MapAdapter.test()
PathConverter
Rule
Rule.empty()
RuleFactory
RuleFactory.get_rules()
RuleTemplate
Subdomain
Submount
UUIDConverter
UnicodeConverter
werkzeug.utils
HTMLBuilder
append_slash_redirect()
bind_arguments()
cached_property
environ_property
escape()
find_modules()
header_property
import_string()
invalidate_cached_property()
redirect()
secure_filename()
unescape()
validate_arguments()
Deployment
Application Deployment
CGI
FastCGI
HTTP Proxying
mod_wsgi (Apache)
werkzeug.urls
BaseURL
BaseURL.ascii_host
BaseURL.auth
BaseURL.decode_netloc()
BaseURL.decode_query()
BaseURL.get_file_location()
BaseURL.host
BaseURL.join()
BaseURL.password
BaseURL.port
BaseURL.raw_password
BaseURL.raw_username
BaseURL.replace()
BaseURL.to_iri_tuple()
BaseURL.to_uri_tuple()
BaseURL.to_url()
BaseURL.username
BytesURL
BytesURL.decode()
BytesURL.encode_netloc()
Href
URL
URL.encode()
URL.encode_netloc()
iri_to_uri()
uri_to_iri()
url_decode()
url_decode_stream()
url_encode()
url_encode_stream()
url_fix()
url_join()
url_parse()
url_quote()
url_quote_plus()
url_unparse()
url_unquote()
url_unquote_plus()
werkzeug.filesystem
BrokenFilesystemWarning
get_filesystem_encoding()
werkzeug.security
check_password_hash()
generate_password_hash()
pbkdf2_bin()
pbkdf2_hex()
safe_join()
safe_str_cmp()
werkzeug.test
Client
Client.delete()
Client.get()
Client.head()
Client.open()
Client.options()
Client.patch()
Client.post()
Client.put()
Client.trace()
EnvironBuilder
EnvironBuilder.args
EnvironBuilder.base_url
EnvironBuilder.charset
EnvironBuilder.close()
EnvironBuilder.content_length
EnvironBuilder.content_type
EnvironBuilder.environ_base
EnvironBuilder.environ_overrides
EnvironBuilder.errors_stream
EnvironBuilder.files
EnvironBuilder.form
EnvironBuilder.from_environ()
EnvironBuilder.get_environ()
EnvironBuilder.get_request()
EnvironBuilder.headers
EnvironBuilder.input_stream
EnvironBuilder.json_dumps()
EnvironBuilder.mimetype
EnvironBuilder.mimetype_params
EnvironBuilder.multiprocess
EnvironBuilder.multithread
EnvironBuilder.path
EnvironBuilder.query_string
EnvironBuilder.request_class
EnvironBuilder.server_name
EnvironBuilder.server_port
EnvironBuilder.server_protocol
EnvironBuilder.wsgi_version
create_environ()
run_wsgi_app()
werkzeug.wsgi
ClosingIterator
FileWrapper
LimitedStream
LimitedStream.exhaust()
LimitedStream.is_exhausted
LimitedStream.on_disconnect()
LimitedStream.on_exhausted()
LimitedStream.read()
LimitedStream.readable()
LimitedStream.readline()
LimitedStream.readlines()
LimitedStream.tell()
extract_path_info()
get_content_length()
get_current_url()
get_host()
get_input_stream()
get_path_info()
get_query_string()
get_script_name()
host_is_trusted()
make_chunk_iter()
make_line_iter()
peek_path_info()
pop_path_info()
responder()
wrap_file()
werkzeug.http
cookie_date()
dump_cookie()
dump_header()
generate_etag()
http_date()
is_byte_range_valid()
is_entity_header()
is_hop_by_hop_header()
is_resource_modified()
parse_accept_header()
parse_authorization_header()
parse_cache_control_header()
parse_content_range_header()
parse_cookie()
parse_date()
parse_dict_header()
parse_etags()
parse_if_range_header()
parse_list_header()
parse_options_header()
parse_range_header()
parse_set_header()
parse_www_authenticate_header()
quote_etag()
quote_header_value()
remove_entity_headers()
remove_hop_by_hop_headers()
unquote_etag()
unquote_header_value()
werkzeug.wrappers.cors
CORSRequestMixin
CORSRequestMixin.access_control_request_headers
CORSRequestMixin.access_control_request_method
CORSRequestMixin.origin
CORSResponseMixin
CORSResponseMixin.access_control_allow_credentials
CORSResponseMixin.access_control_allow_headers
CORSResponseMixin.access_control_allow_methods
CORSResponseMixin.access_control_allow_origin
CORSResponseMixin.access_control_expose_headers
CORSResponseMixin.access_control_max_age
Additional Information
Dealing with Request Data
Important Terms
Unicode
werkzeug.debug
DebuggedApplication
Serving and Testing
Debugging Applications
Serving WSGI Applications
Test Utilities
werkzeug.middleware.dispatcher
DispatcherMiddleware
werkzeug.formparser
FormDataParser
parse_form_data()
parse_multipart_headers()
werkzeug.serving
is_running_from_reloader()
make_ssl_devcert()
run_simple()
werkzeug.wrappers.json
JSONMixin
JSONMixin.get_json()
JSONMixin.is_json
JSONMixin.json
JSONMixin.json_module
JSONMixin.on_json_loading_failed()
werkzeug.middleware.lint
LintMiddleware
werkzeug.local
LocalManager
LocalManager.cleanup()
LocalManager.get_ident()
LocalManager.make_middleware()
LocalManager.middleware()
LocalProxy
LocalProxy._get_current_object()
LocalStack
LocalStack.pop()
LocalStack.push()
LocalStack.top
release_local()
werkzeug.middleware.profiler
ProfilerMiddleware
werkzeug.middleware.proxy_fix
ProxyFix
werkzeug.middleware.http_proxy
ProxyMiddleware
werkzeug.middleware.shared_data
SharedDataMiddleware
SharedDataMiddleware.is_allowed()
werkzeug.testapp
test_app()
werkzeug.useragents
UserAgent
UserAgent.browser
UserAgent.language
UserAgent.platform
UserAgent.string
UserAgent.version
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