httpclient

This module implements a simple HTTP client that can be used to retrieve webpages and other data.

Retrieving a website

This example uses HTTP GET to retrieve http://google.com:

import httpclient
var client = newHttpClient()
echo client.getContent("http://google.com")

The same action can also be performed asynchronously, simply use the AsyncHttpClient:

import asyncdispatch, httpclient

proc asyncProc(): Future[string] {.async.} =
  var client = newAsyncHttpClient()
  return await client.getContent("http://example.com")

echo waitFor asyncProc()

The functionality implemented by HttpClient and AsyncHttpClient is the same, so you can use whichever one suits you best in the examples shown here.

Note: You need to run asynchronous examples in an async proc otherwise you will get an Undeclared identifier: 'await' error.

Using HTTP POST

This example demonstrates the usage of the W3 HTML Validator, it uses multipart/form-data as the Content-Type to send the HTML to be validated to the server.

var client = newHttpClient()
var data = newMultipartData()
data["output"] = "soap12"
data["uploaded_file"] = ("test.html", "text/html",
  "<html><head></head><body><p>test</p></body></html>")

echo client.postContent("http://validator.w3.org/check", multipart=data)

To stream files from disk when performing the request, use addFiles.

Note: This will allocate a new Mimetypes database every time you call it, you can pass your own via the mimeDb parameter to avoid this.

let mimes = newMimetypes()
var client = newHttpClient()
var data = newMultipartData()
data.addFiles({"uploaded_file": "test.html"}, mimeDb = mimes)

echo client.postContent("http://validator.w3.org/check", multipart=data)

You can also make post requests with custom headers. This example sets Content-Type to application/json and uses a json object for the body

import httpclient, json

let client = newHttpClient()
client.headers = newHttpHeaders({ "Content-Type": "application/json" })
let body = %*{
    "data": "some text"
}
let response = client.request("http://some.api", httpMethod = HttpPost, body = $body)
echo response.status

Progress reporting

You may specify a callback procedure to be called during an HTTP request. This callback will be executed every second with information about the progress of the HTTP request.

import asyncdispatch, httpclient

proc onProgressChanged(total, progress, speed: BiggestInt) {.async.} =
  echo("Downloaded ", progress, " of ", total)
  echo("Current rate: ", speed div 1000, "kb/s")

proc asyncProc() {.async.} =
  var client = newAsyncHttpClient()
  client.onProgressChanged = onProgressChanged
  discard await client.getContent("http://speedtest-ams2.digitalocean.com/100mb.test")

waitFor asyncProc()

If you would like to remove the callback simply set it to nil.

client.onProgressChanged = nil

Warning: The total reported by httpclient may be 0 in some cases.

SSL/TLS support

This requires the OpenSSL library, fortunately it's widely used and installed on many operating systems. httpclient will use SSL automatically if you give any of the functions a url with the https schema, for example: https://github.com/.

You will also have to compile with ssl defined like so: nim c -d:ssl ....

Certificate validation is NOT performed by default. This will change in future.

A set of directories and files from the ssl_certs module are scanned to locate CA certificates.

See newContext to tweak or disable certificate validation.

Timeouts

Currently only the synchronous functions support a timeout. The timeout is measured in milliseconds, once it is set any call on a socket which may block will be susceptible to this timeout.

It may be surprising but the function as a whole can take longer than the specified timeout, only individual internal calls on the socket are affected. In practice this means that as long as the server is sending data an exception will not be raised, if however data does not reach the client within the specified timeout a TimeoutError exception will be raised.

Here is how to set a timeout when creating an HttpClient instance:

import httpclient

let client = newHttpClient(timeout = 42)

Proxy

A proxy can be specified as a param to any of the procedures defined in this module. To do this, use the newProxy constructor. Unfortunately, only basic authentication is supported at the moment.

Some examples on how to configure a Proxy for HttpClient:

import httpclient

let myProxy = newProxy("http://myproxy.network")
let client = newHttpClient(proxy = myProxy)

Get Proxy URL from environment variables:

import httpclient

var url = ""
try:
  if existsEnv("http_proxy"):
    url = getEnv("http_proxy")
  elif existsEnv("https_proxy"):
    url = getEnv("https_proxy")
except ValueError:
  echo "Unable to parse proxy from environment variables."

let myProxy = newProxy(url = url)
let client = newHttpClient(proxy = myProxy)

Redirects

The maximum redirects can be set with the maxRedirects of int type, it specifies the maximum amount of redirects to follow, it defaults to 5, you can set it to 0 to disable redirects.

Here you can see an example about how to set the maxRedirects of HttpClient:

import httpclient

let client = newHttpClient(maxRedirects = 0)

Imports

since, net, strutils, uri, parseutils, base64, os, mimetypes, streams, math, random, httpcore, times, tables, streams, monotimes, asyncnet, asyncdispatch, asyncfile, nativesockets

Types

Response = ref object
  version*: string
  status*: string
  headers*: HttpHeaders
  body: string
  bodyStream*: Stream
Source Edit
AsyncResponse = ref object
  version*: string
  status*: string
  headers*: HttpHeaders
  body: string
  bodyStream*: FutureStream[string]
Source Edit
Proxy = ref object
  url*: Uri
  auth*: string
Source Edit
MultipartEntries = openArray[tuple[name, content: string]]
Source Edit
MultipartData = ref object
  content: seq[MultipartEntry]
Source Edit
ProtocolError = object of IOError
exception that is raised when server does not conform to the implemented protocol Source Edit
HttpRequestError = object of IOError
Thrown in the getContent proc and postContent proc, when the server returns an error Source Edit
ProgressChangedProc[ReturnType] = proc (total, progress, speed: BiggestInt): ReturnType {...}{.
    closure, gcsafe.}
Source Edit
HttpClientBase[SocketType] = ref object
  socket: SocketType
  connected: bool
  currentURL: Uri            ## Where we are currently connected.
  headers*: HttpHeaders      ## Headers to send in requests.
  maxRedirects: Natural      ## Maximum redirects, set to ``0`` to disable.
  userAgent: string
  timeout*: int              ## Only used for blocking HttpClient for now.
  proxy: Proxy               ## ``nil`` or the callback to call when request progress changes.
  when SocketType is Socket:
    onProgressChanged
  else:
    onProgressChanged
  when false:
    sslContext
  contentTotal: BiggestInt
  contentProgress: BiggestInt
  oneSecondProgress: BiggestInt
  lastProgressReport: MonoTime
  when SocketType is AsyncSocket:
      bodyStream
      parseBodyFut

  else:
    bodyStream
  getBody: bool              ## When `false`, the body is never read in requestAux.
Source Edit
HttpClient = HttpClientBase[Socket]
Source Edit
AsyncHttpClient = HttpClientBase[AsyncSocket]
Source Edit

Consts

defUserAgent = "Nim httpclient/1.4.8"
Source Edit

Procs

proc code(response: Response | AsyncResponse): HttpCode {...}{.
    raises: [ValueError, OverflowDefect].}

Retrieves the specified response's HttpCode.

Raises a ValueError if the response's status does not have a corresponding HttpCode.

Source Edit
proc contentType(response: Response | AsyncResponse): string {...}{.inline.}

Retrieves the specified response's content type.

This is effectively the value of the "Content-Type" header.

Source Edit
proc contentLength(response: Response | AsyncResponse): int

Retrieves the specified response's content length.

This is effectively the value of the "Content-Length" header.

A ValueError exception will be raised if the value is not an integer.

Source Edit
proc lastModified(response: Response | AsyncResponse): DateTime

Retrieves the specified response's last modified time.

This is effectively the value of the "Last-Modified" header.

Raises a ValueError if the parsing fails or the value is not a correctly formatted time.

Source Edit
proc body(response: Response): string {...}{.raises: [IOError, OSError],
                                        tags: [ReadIOEffect].}

Retrieves the specified response's body.

The response's body stream is read synchronously.

Source Edit
proc body(response: AsyncResponse): Future[string] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError], tags: [RootEffect].}
Reads the response's body and caches it. The read is performed only once. Source Edit
proc newProxy(url: string; auth = ""): Proxy {...}{.raises: [], tags: [].}
Constructs a new TProxy object. Source Edit
proc newMultipartData(): MultipartData {...}{.inline, raises: [], tags: [].}
Constructs a new MultipartData object. Source Edit
proc `$`(data: MultipartData): string {...}{.raises: [], tags: [].}
convert MultipartData to string so it's human readable when echo see https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/11863 Source Edit
proc add(p: MultipartData; name, content: string; filename: string = "";
         contentType: string = ""; useStream = true) {...}{.raises: [ValueError],
    tags: [].}

Add a value to the multipart data.

When useStream is false, the file will be read into memory.

Raises a ValueError exception if name, filename or contentType contain newline characters.

Source Edit
proc add(p: MultipartData; xs: MultipartEntries): MultipartData {...}{.discardable,
    raises: [ValueError], tags: [].}
Add a list of multipart entries to the multipart data p. All values are added without a filename and without a content type.
data.add({"action": "login", "format": "json"})
Source Edit
proc newMultipartData(xs: MultipartEntries): MultipartData {...}{.
    raises: [ValueError], tags: [].}
Create a new multipart data object and fill it with the entries xs directly.
var data = newMultipartData({"action": "login", "format": "json"})
Source Edit
proc addFiles(p: MultipartData; xs: openArray[tuple[name, file: string]];
              mimeDb = newMimetypes(); useStream = true): MultipartData {...}{.
    discardable, raises: [IOError, ValueError], tags: [ReadIOEffect].}
Add files to a multipart data object. The files will be streamed from disk when the request is being made. When stream is false, the files are instead read into memory, but beware this is very memory ineffecient even for small files. The MIME types will automatically be determined. Raises an IOError if the file cannot be opened or reading fails. To manually specify file content, filename and MIME type, use []= instead.
data.addFiles({"uploaded_file": "public/test.html"})
Source Edit
proc `[]=`(p: MultipartData; name, content: string) {...}{.inline,
    raises: [ValueError], tags: [].}
Add a multipart entry to the multipart data p. The value is added without a filename and without a content type.
data["username"] = "NimUser"
Source Edit
proc `[]=`(p: MultipartData; name: string;
           file: tuple[name, contentType, content: string]) {...}{.inline,
    raises: [ValueError], tags: [].}
Add a file to the multipart data p, specifying filename, contentType and content manually.
data["uploaded_file"] = ("test.html", "text/html",
  "<html><head></head><body><p>test</p></body></html>")
Source Edit
proc newHttpClient(userAgent = defUserAgent; maxRedirects = 5;
                   sslContext = getDefaultSSL(); proxy: Proxy = nil;
                   timeout = -1; headers = newHttpHeaders()): HttpClient {...}{.
    raises: [], tags: [].}

Creates a new HttpClient instance.

userAgent specifies the user agent that will be used when making requests.

maxRedirects specifies the maximum amount of redirects to follow, default is 5.

sslContext specifies the SSL context to use for HTTPS requests. See SSL/TLS support

proxy specifies an HTTP proxy to use for this HTTP client's connections.

timeout specifies the number of milliseconds to allow before a TimeoutError is raised.

headers specifies the HTTP Headers.

Example:

import asyncdispatch, httpclient, strutils

proc asyncProc(): Future[string] {.async.} =
  var client = newAsyncHttpClient()
  return await client.getContent("http://example.com")

let exampleHtml = waitFor asyncProc()
assert "Example Domain" in exampleHtml
assert not ("Pizza" in exampleHtml)
Source Edit
proc newAsyncHttpClient(userAgent = defUserAgent; maxRedirects = 5;
                        sslContext = getDefaultSSL(); proxy: Proxy = nil;
                        headers = newHttpHeaders()): AsyncHttpClient {...}{.
    raises: [], tags: [].}

Creates a new AsyncHttpClient instance.

userAgent specifies the user agent that will be used when making requests.

maxRedirects specifies the maximum amount of redirects to follow, default is 5.

sslContext specifies the SSL context to use for HTTPS requests.

proxy specifies an HTTP proxy to use for this HTTP client's connections.

headers specifies the HTTP Headers.

Source Edit
proc close(client: HttpClient | AsyncHttpClient)
Closes any connections held by the HTTP client. Source Edit
proc getSocket(client: HttpClient): Socket {...}{.inline, raises: [], tags: [].}

Get network socket, useful if you want to find out more details about the connection

this example shows info about local and remote endpoints

if client.connected:
  echo client.getSocket.getLocalAddr
  echo client.getSocket.getPeerAddr
Source Edit
proc getSocket(client: AsyncHttpClient): AsyncSocket {...}{.inline, raises: [],
    tags: [].}
Source Edit
proc request(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string; httpMethod: string;
             body = ""; headers: HttpHeaders = nil;
             multipart: MultipartData = nil): Future[AsyncResponse] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}

Connects to the hostname specified by the URL and performs a request using the custom method string specified by httpMethod.

Connection will be kept alive. Further requests on the same client to the same hostname will not require a new connection to be made. The connection can be closed by using the close procedure.

This procedure will follow redirects up to a maximum number of redirects specified in client.maxRedirects.

You need to make sure that the url doesn't contain any newline characters. Failing to do so will raise AssertionDefect.

Source Edit
proc request(client: HttpClient; url: string; httpMethod: string; body = "";
             headers: HttpHeaders = nil; multipart: MultipartData = nil): Response {...}{.raises: [
    ValueError, IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError,
    SslError, TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc request(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string; httpMethod = HttpGet;
             body = ""; headers: HttpHeaders = nil;
             multipart: MultipartData = nil): Future[AsyncResponse] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}

Connects to the hostname specified by the URL and performs a request using the method specified.

Connection will be kept alive. Further requests on the same client to the same hostname will not require a new connection to be made. The connection can be closed by using the close procedure.

When a request is made to a different hostname, the current connection will be closed.

Source Edit
proc request(client: HttpClient; url: string; httpMethod = HttpGet; body = "";
             headers: HttpHeaders = nil; multipart: MultipartData = nil): Response {...}{.raises: [
    ValueError, IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError,
    SslError, TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc head(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string): Future[AsyncResponse] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}

Connects to the hostname specified by the URL and performs a HEAD request.

This procedure uses httpClient values such as client.maxRedirects.

Source Edit
proc head(client: HttpClient; url: string): Response {...}{.raises: [ValueError,
    IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError, SslError,
    TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc get(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string): Future[AsyncResponse] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}

Connects to the hostname specified by the URL and performs a GET request.

This procedure uses httpClient values such as client.maxRedirects.

Source Edit
proc get(client: HttpClient; url: string): Response {...}{.raises: [ValueError,
    IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError, SslError,
    TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc getContent(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string): Future[string] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}
Connects to the hostname specified by the URL and returns the content of a GET request. Source Edit
proc getContent(client: HttpClient; url: string): string {...}{.raises: [ValueError,
    IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError, SslError,
    TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc delete(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string): Future[AsyncResponse] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}
Connects to the hostname specified by the URL and performs a DELETE request. This procedure uses httpClient values such as client.maxRedirects. Source Edit
proc delete(client: HttpClient; url: string): Response {...}{.raises: [ValueError,
    IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError, SslError,
    TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc deleteContent(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string): Future[string] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}
Connects to the hostname specified by the URL and returns the content of a DELETE request. Source Edit
proc deleteContent(client: HttpClient; url: string): string {...}{.raises: [
    ValueError, IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError,
    SslError, TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc post(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string; body = "";
          multipart: MultipartData = nil): Future[AsyncResponse] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}
Connects to the hostname specified by the URL and performs a POST request. This procedure uses httpClient values such as client.maxRedirects. Source Edit
proc post(client: HttpClient; url: string; body = "";
          multipart: MultipartData = nil): Response {...}{.raises: [ValueError,
    IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError, SslError,
    TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc postContent(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string; body = "";
                 multipart: MultipartData = nil): Future[string] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}
Connects to the hostname specified by the URL and returns the content of a POST request. Source Edit
proc postContent(client: HttpClient; url: string; body = "";
                 multipart: MultipartData = nil): string {...}{.raises: [ValueError,
    IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError, SslError,
    TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc put(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string; body = "";
         multipart: MultipartData = nil): Future[AsyncResponse] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}
Connects to the hostname specified by the URL and performs a PUT request. This procedure uses httpClient values such as client.maxRedirects. Source Edit
proc put(client: HttpClient; url: string; body = "";
         multipart: MultipartData = nil): Response {...}{.raises: [ValueError,
    IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError, SslError,
    TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc putContent(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string; body = "";
                multipart: MultipartData = nil): Future[string] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}
Connects to the hostname specified by the URL andreturns the content of a PUT request. Source Edit
proc putContent(client: HttpClient; url: string; body = "";
                multipart: MultipartData = nil): string {...}{.raises: [ValueError,
    IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError, SslError,
    TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc patch(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string; body = "";
           multipart: MultipartData = nil): Future[AsyncResponse] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}
Connects to the hostname specified by the URL and performs a PATCH request. This procedure uses httpClient values such as client.maxRedirects. Source Edit
proc patch(client: HttpClient; url: string; body = "";
           multipart: MultipartData = nil): Response {...}{.raises: [ValueError,
    IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError, SslError,
    TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc patchContent(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string; body = "";
                  multipart: MultipartData = nil): Future[string] {...}{.
    raises: [Exception, ValueError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}
Connects to the hostname specified by the URL and returns the content of a PATCH request. Source Edit
proc patchContent(client: HttpClient; url: string; body = "";
                  multipart: MultipartData = nil): string {...}{.raises: [ValueError,
    IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError, SslError,
    TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit
proc downloadFile(client: HttpClient; url: string; filename: string) {...}{.raises: [
    ValueError, IOError, OSError, HttpRequestError, Exception, LibraryError,
    SslError, TimeoutError, ProtocolError, KeyError],
    tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect, TimeEffect].}
Downloads url and saves it to filename. Source Edit
proc downloadFile(client: AsyncHttpClient; url: string; filename: string): Future[
    void] {...}{.raises: [Exception], tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, TimeEffect].}
Source Edit

Exports

Http417, Http503, Http431, ==, contains, Http304, Http406, ==, $, clear, Http408, $, Http411, is3xx, Http418, Http206, HttpMethod, Http101, httpNewLine, Http505, Http413, newHttpHeaders, Http200, []=, Http414, add, Http401, Http205, ==, Http407, Http500, Http404, Http416, Http308, Http302, HttpHeaders, Http300, Http428, Http410, is2xx, Http202, Http502, headerLimit, HttpHeaderValues, contains, newHttpHeaders, $, [], Http305, Http451, Http409, Http504, Http426, hasKey, del, pairs, Http429, HttpVersion, []=, Http421, Http307, Http301, is4xx, Http203, getOrDefault, Http100, Http501, len, Http400, Http403, is5xx, Http415, toString, Http412, Http405, Http303, Http204, Http201, HttpCode, Http422, []

© 2006–2021 Andreas Rumpf
Licensed under the MIT License.
https://nim-lang.org/docs/httpclient.html