std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::back

CharT& back();
 (since C++11) 
const CharT& back() const;
 (since C++11)

Returns reference to the last character in the string. The behavior is undefined if empty() == true.

Parameters

(none).

Return value

reference to the last character, equivalent to operator[](size() - 1).

Complexity

Constant.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
int main()
{
  {
    std::string s("Exemplary");
    char& back = s.back();
    back = 's';
    std::cout << s << '\n'; // "Exemplars"
  }
 
  {
    std::string const c("Exemplary");
    char const& back = c.back();
    std::cout << back << '\n'; // 'y'
  }
}

Output:

Exemplars
y

See also

(C++11)
 accesses the first character
(public member function)

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