numpy.min_scalar_type
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numpy.min_scalar_type(a)
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For scalar a, returns the data type with the smallest size and smallest scalar kind which can hold its value. For non-scalar arraya, returns the vector’s dtype unmodified.Floating point values are not demoted to integers, and complex values are not demoted to floats. Parameters: a : scalar or array_like The value whose minimal data type is to be found. Returns: out : dtype The minimal data type. See also NotesNew in version 1.6.0. Examples>>> np.min_scalar_type(10) dtype('uint8')>>> np.min_scalar_type(-260) dtype('int16')>>> np.min_scalar_type(3.1) dtype('float16')>>> np.min_scalar_type(1e50) dtype('float64')>>> np.min_scalar_type(np.arange(4,dtype='f8')) dtype('float64')
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    https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.11.0/reference/generated/numpy.min_scalar_type.html